Gestation Trophoblastic Neoplasm (GTN)

Gestational trophoblastic disease refers to a category of rare malignancies that appear during the first trimester of pregnancy. A woman's body prepares for pregnancy after conception by enveloping the freshly fertilized egg or embryo with a layer of cells known as the trophoblast. The trophoblast aids the embryo's implantation into the uterine wall. 

These cells also make up a significant portion of the tissue that makes up the placenta, which is the organ that feeds nutrition to a developing child. GTD tumors form as a result of aberrant alterations in the trophoblast cells in GTD.

The vast majority of GTD tumors are benign (noncancerous), but some have the potential to become malignant (cancerous). GTD is typically divided into two categories:

• Moles that are hydatidiform
• Trophoblastic neoplasia during pregnancy (GTN)

Moles with Hydatidiform Shapes

A molar pregnancy is another name for a hydatidiform mole. There is an issue with the fertilized egg in molar pregnancy, and there is an overproduction of trophoblast tissue. This excess trophoblast tissue develops into aberrant lumps, which are normally benign but can occasionally become malignant.

Trophoblastic Neoplasia During Pregnancy

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia is classified into numerous types:

Choriocarcinoma: A malignant tumor that develops within a pregnant woman's uterus. 

Trophoblast cells create an aberrant mass that develops into the uterine muscle layer, resulting in an invasive mole.

Trophoblastic tumor of the placenta: This slow-growing tumor forms where the placenta joins to the uterine wall. Placental-site trophoblastic tumors are frequently identified years after a full-term pregnancy has ended.