Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the cells of the cervix, which connects the uterus to the vagina. Most cervical cancers are caused by different strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection.
When the body is exposed to HPV, the immune system usually prevents the virus from causing harm. However, in a small percentage of people, the virus survives for years, contributing to the process by which some cervical cells develop into cancer cells. Cervical cancer can be reduced by having screening tests and receiving a vaccine that protects against HPV infection.
Symptoms Of Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer in its early stages usually has no symptoms. The following are signs and symptoms of advanced cervical cancer:
- Vaginal bleeding following intercourse, between periods, or following menopause.
- Vaginal discharge that is watery, bloody, and has a foul odor.
- Pelvic pain or discomfort during intercourse.
Causes of Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer develops when healthy cells in the cervix undergo DNA mutations. The DNA of a cell contains the instructions that tell the cell what to do.
Healthy cells grow and multiply at a predictable rate before dying at a predictable time. The mutations cause the cells to grow and multiply uncontrollably, and they do not die. The abnormal cells that are accumulating form a mass. Cancer cells invade neighboring tissues and can break away from tumors to spread elsewhere in the body.